Sewerage system separation

One of the components of water drainage systems is sewage. It is designed to remove human waste (solid and liquid), as well as wastewater (storm and domestic) for further purification and return to water bodies. Sewage is an integral element of any modern construction, as its absence has an extremely adverse effect on the overall ecological situation.

There are three types of sewage systems, depending on their location and functions:

Internal sewage. It is used to collect waste and drains inside a building and transport them to the external sewage system. Internal sewage consists of water intake devices, including sinks, toilets, baths, shower trays, and drains. It also includes a system of pipes, both vertical and horizontal. In addition, ventilation risers are present in internal sewage systems.

External sewage. This system delivers wastewater to treatment facilities. External sewage systems can be combined (collecting both rainwater and household waste), separate (accepting only one type of waste), or semi-separate (collecting waste separately but delivering it to a common collector). External sewage is a complex system that includes pipes, manholes, septic tanks, pumping stations, and local treatment facilities.

Treatment system. It purifies wastewater and discharges it into water bodies.

Sewage systems can also be classified based on the type of collected waste into domestic-sewage, stormwater, and industrial systems.Since sewage is an aggressive environment, materials used for sewage systems must meet high requirements. Typically, materials such as cast iron, polypropylene, polyethylene, PVC, and concrete are used for this purpose. Less commonly, ceramics and asbestos cement are used.

Proper functioning of sewage systems mostly depends on correct design and installation rather than the material used. Sewage piping must be laid with the appropriate slope. Deviations from the slope angle, whether greater or lesser, will eventually render the sewage system inoperable. It is also crucial to select the appropriate pipe diameter for each system and provide access to various sections of the system for future inspections and repairs.